The Outline of the Exam

1.      Introduction (Excellence)

a.      A Letter to Garcia= It is teaching us to stand up for ourselves, and do things for yourself.

b.      Socrates/ancient Greeks= He disobeyed the gods and corrupted the minds of Athens. He taught people to question why. “The unexamined life is not worth living.”

c.       Did You Know?/Shift Happens= The world is constantly changing. We are being trained for jobs that don not exist yet.

d.      Globalization= Things are always changing, and we can always learn something new. It means the interconnection of different parts of the world, it results in the expansion of international, cultural, economic, and political activates.

e.       Infrastructure= Things are always changing, and we can always learn something new. It means needing things like cell towers, electricity, and technology.

2.      Population and Migration

a.       Population pyramids=This is used to analyze growth (or decline) of fertility, mortality, and migration in citied. Know how to read them and identify them.

b.      Crude birth rate, crude death rate, RNI, TFR= The number of births per 1,000. The number of deaths per 1,000. Rate of Natural Increase= subtract the death rate from the birth rate then divide by 10, this gives you the annual growth rate. Total Fertility Rate= the average number of children born to women. To keep the world population the same the TFR needs to be 2.1

c.       Immigration/emigration, NMR= Net Migration Rate= the difference between the number of persons entering and leaving a country during a year.

d.      Push forces, pull forces= Push forces= reasons for leaving a country, examples: wars, religious issues, and unemployment. Pull forces= reasons for staying, examples: health care, better economic opportunity, and political freedom

e.       Developed nations, developing nations= Developed= has infrastructure. Developing= no infrastructure.

f.        God Grew Tired of Us=

3.      Cultural Geography= Parts of a groups everyday life, the ideas and themes which the group will teach to all members.

a.       Language (bilingual nations, official language)= A bilingual language example is Canada’s national language is French and English. Official language= a set language for a certain country.

b.      Major religions (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism)= On worksheet

c.       Ethnic heritage= People who come from different backgrounds.

4.      Political Geography

a.       Country, nation, state, nation/state

b.      World Leaders of the 12 nations we studied (plus the US)

c.       Type of government, leader and title, recognize photographs

5.      Economic Geography

a.       Microfinance= a general term to describe financial services to low-income individuals or to those who do not have access to typical banking services

b.      Infrastructure=

c.       Kiva= An example of microfinance

d.      Peace Corps

Exam Study Guide: Part 2

Religions:

Christianity:

2.2 billion (Largest in the world)

Called: Christians

Located: Europe, the Americans, southern Africa

Denominations: Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Protestants

Founder: Jesus Christ

Holy Book: The Bible

Beliefs: Jesus is both human and divine

Clergy: the Pope is the head of the church

Islam:

1.5 billion (Second largest)

Called: Muslims

Location: Indonesia, Middle East, North Africa

Denominations: Sunnis and Shiites

Founder: Muhammad

Holy Book: Qur'an

Beliefs: monotheistic, Abrahamic, five pillars, see the purpose in life as serving to Allah

Hinduism:

1.1 billion (Third largest) oldest religion

Called: Hindus

Location: India

Holy Book: the Vedas- meant to be sung, reveals the truth of ancient sages

Founder: no distinct founder, rather a set of beliefs (like the belief in reincarnation)

Buddhism:

1.5 billion

Called: Buddhists

Location: Asia, China, Japan, U.S.

Founder: Siddhartha Gautama

Denominations: Tibetan, Zen, Theravada, and Amidist

Four Noble Truths and the eightfold path

Judaism:

14-18 million

Called: Jews

Location: Israel

Founder: Abraham

Holy Book: Talmud and the Torah (first 5 books of the Old Testament)

Beliefs: That God is one


World leaders:
Afghanistan: Islamic republic

Headed by President Hamid Karzai

He was a leader under Taliban

Is well reversed in several languages

In 2001 he warned the United States that Taliban was plotting against them

Brazil: Federal republic

Headed by President Dilma Rousseff

She disliked the military’s way of doing this, and because of that she was thrown into jail for 3 years, where she suffered torture. And battled thorough cancer. She is a very strong lady

Has been divorced 2 times

She had a degree in economics (very smart)

China: Communist state

Ruled by President Xi Jinping

Son of a revolutionary veteran, one of the Communist Party’s founding fathers

He married a folk singer, Peng Liyuan who is an army general

Leader of the Communist Party

His daughter goes to school in the U.S. (Harvard University)

France: Republic

Headed by Francois Hollande

Has had no previous experience in the government

His father is a physician and his mother is a social worker

            Has for kids, not married, but in a 30-year relationship

Germany: Federal republic

Headed by President Joachim Gauck and Chancellor Angela Merkel

            Angela is crazy smart

            She had been the chancellor since November 2005

            Has been voted most powerful woman in the world for the past 8 years

India: Federal republic

Headed by President Pranab Mukherjee

            Previously taught science and worked as a journalist

            One of the best finance ministers of the world

A man named Rajiv Ganghi took over as prime minister once Pranab’s mother had been killed. Since he lost his battle he decided to start his own party 

Iran: Theocratic republic

Ruled by Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-Khamenei, and President Hasan Fereidun Ruhani

            Ali took part in street protest

            Was elected as president in 1981, and became the supreme leader in 1989

            Hansan has served in the Supreme National Security Council

            Was just elected President in June 2013

He has openly criticized the previous President for the way that he ran the country, he was also an American hater

Israel: Parliamentary democracy

Headed by President Shimon Peres and Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu

Shimon had to flee to Palestine because of religious issues.

            Became responsible for the military equipment after Arab had attacked them

            Organized the nuclear program

Won the Nobel Peace prize

           Binyamin grew up in the U.S.

Once his brother was killed he returned to Israel and started to advocate international cooperation in fighting terrorism

 Mexico: Federal republic

Headed by President Enrique Pena Pieto.

            His father was an engineer for electricity

“Trouble stays away from him”

He is married to an actress, and her title is “the first lady in Mexico”

Saudi Arabia: A kingdom

Ruled by Abdallah bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud, who is both King and Prime Minister

            The father of 22 children

            He is worth 21 billion dollars

            He was commander of the Saudi Arabian National Guard

            He has visited the Pope

Has granted women the right to vote and run in future elections, this was very uncommon in the area that they live in

     

The United Kingdom: Constitutional monarchy and Commonwealth realm

Ruled by Prime Minister David Cameron and Queen Elizabeth II

            Elizabeth became queen on February 6, 1952, her reign has 60 years and counting

        

David had his whole life planned out for him, but when his soon died he started to look at things differently

            He is the youngest prime minister

Venezuela: Federal republic

Headed by President Nicolas Maduro Moros

            Worked as a bus driver

            Worked with Hugo Chavez

Peace Corps Review:

Throughout the game I learned some facts. The microfinance program helps people in many different ways. Microfinance address the need of people who lived in a low populated area, with no money. They also have volunteers that work with farmers. The peace core works towards increasing family income, and they try to improve the environment for business. Throughout the game there were many issues that you had to solve, and it would give you information on what was right and what was wrong, but you had to choose. One of these examples was the occurrences of malaria, and it can be reduced by managing water resources. There was also another issue in the game and that was that the town lake was contaminated with pollution. The pollution most likely came from the people of the town.

Many girls don't get the opportunity to go to school and get an education. The UNICEF program helps these girls get into school. The countries that are poor and in need have allies of other countries that help them. The United States is one of these countries, and they consume and produce about a quarter of the world’s forest products, which helps them, by selling the country products so they have supplies. Also tress play a very important role in our environment.

These were some of the informational facts that the game gave me. The game is a new and different way to lean and I like it, hopefully we will be able to do this again with another unit topic.

Microfinance review:

Microfinance= a general term to describe financial services to low-income individuals or to those who do not have access to typical banking services

Microloans= loans people money to help them get a kick start in a small business that they think will be beneficial to their village or town

Another definition

Microloans=When a person lends a small amount of money to a developing business. Once the business is running good the leader will receive the money back

They can also help investments in infrastructure, education, and legal forms

They also give the opportunity to have choices

What does it do?

Provides people who don’t have the money to get a loan and start a business, also helps pay for insurance

Helps the local economy

It is an opportunity for the less fortunate

Allows people to builds their assets

Developing countries:

Most of the countries are poor, and they are the ones most likely to need help

Problems:

Malaria= a life threating transmitted mosquitoes    Doctors are working for a cure

Drought

Clean water

Famine

Poor health care

Pollution

Poverty

Loans and small businesses:

Help them get loan, housing and structure investments

Microlender= an organization that makes business loans to individuals who are not able to obtain financing from traditional lenders

Exam Study Guide Part 1

Greek Vocabulary:

Agora- a popular political assembly

Arête- the aggregate of qualities, as valor and virtue, making up good character

Polis- an ancient Greek city/state

The year 508 BC- Cleisthenes grants full rights to all free men of Athens

Socrates- Athenian philosopher

The death of Socrates- he was punished for criticizing critics, therefor he was made to drink poison hemlock

The Socratic Method- a teacher continuing to ask their students questions, to challenge their answers.

What the ancient Greeks meant if they called you an idiot- Required to Vote or Risk Being Labeled Idiots

Review on Socrates:

We continued to discuss about Socrates and the Greeks way of living. The reason why Socrates was sentenced to death is because he was becoming a threat to some people, and he would criticize other people’s way of thinking. He was sentenced to death because he was corrupting the minds to the youth. Also he was charged with disrespecting the Gods, which was a very big deal in ancient Greece. Socrates was a well-respected man to some people, so for them to see, or hear of him dying, it made them very upset. Socrates was a man who change the way of teaching and thinking forever.

The “Did You Know” video:

That China will soon become the number one English speaking country. This amazed me because I would think that Chinese would soon become the number one language in the world. Not that they would be learning English. This would have an impact on my life because it would be easier for me to talk to people in other countries, especially in China. Technology plays a big part in my life, for example I use my computer for 50% or more of my classes, technology has come a long way and is being used in many different ways today. The top 10 jobs in 2010 did not exist in 2004. This fact shows how much the world is really changing, and how far we have come in 6 years, and wondering what is to come in the future will be the most exciting thing. Because jobs are changing so quickly the option of my generation having a job and staying with that job for 10 years or more is very slim. By having technology apart of our lives new jobs are coming about, like the fact says, jobs will be continuously changing over the years. Every four minutes 60 babies will be born in the U.S., 224 babies will be born in China, and 351 babies will be born in India. I had not realized how much the population was growing, and this fact really shocked me. This impacts me, because there are 635 babies being born every four minutes, and that is just in three countries. The world is becoming very populated, and that makes a problem in the future. I believe that we have just started to see the new and amazing technology that is being invented, and there is more to come that will change the way we live forever. 

The Nike Video:

After having a day to think about the Nike video and how they treated the workers, I realized how bad, and inhumane it is to do that. We also did a follow up and looked at a recent article to see what Nike had done about their mistreatment of their workers. The article basically said that the difference Nike had made was that they gave their workers an apartment to live in, and would be giving them $4.00 a day instead of $1.25. This does help things but Nike found a ways to "cheat", the minimum wage in Indonesia was $4.00, and Nike was looking for a way to get around that. Nike would pay government officials, (or whoever was in charge) so that they would not enforce the law for their company, and they could get away with paying Nike workers less than $4.00. Also this apartment wasn't very nice either, but it was better than what they had. By hearing these facts makes me very depressed and I wish that they could just treat people right. Nike makes very high quality athletic wear, it is just a shame how they run their company and treat their workers.

Population Migration:

The main topics covered life expectancy, migration, and the fertility rate. The life expectancy is the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year. Over seven million people are living in the world, and there are more to come. Immigration is an excess of people entering the Country, normally this will be positive. The opposite of immigration is emigration and that is excess of people leaving the Country, this will be a negative. 90% of the Earth's growth and population comes from Africa, South and East Asia, and Latin America. The death and birth rate are calculated by the number of births/deaths per 1,000 of the population. To find the rate of natural increase you have to subtract the death rate from the birth rate, and then divide that by ten, this is called the annual growth rate. Push forces, and pull forces are leaving a Country for a reason, or for coming to a Country for a certain reason. Some push forces are, wars, unemployment, religious, and persecution. Some of the pull forces are better economic opportunity, religious and political freedom, and better health care. The fertility rate is the average number of children born. For the world to stay at the same population the fertility rate would need to be 2.1 every year. The world's population continues to grow rapidly.

The Lost Boys:

Today in Human Geography we watched a movie about the civil war in Sudan. The North and the South had gone to war, the North was destroying the South. The government was to go to the South and kill all the men, women, and children. The women were killed and so were the men. The children were left behind and suffered the war. These children were mostly boys and they were given the name "the lost boys". They had to flee their country or have the risk of being killed in the war or by anything else. They went to Ethiopia and found a refugee camp where they were safe and had food, water, and shelter. Ethiopia's government soon collapsed and the refugee camp was gone. The boys were again forced to move. They traveled to Kenya, this travel was very hard, and more than half of the boys had died on the trip to Kenya. The ones who made the trip made it to a safe refugee camp. At this camp they got an education, food, and shelter. After about 15 years of the boys staying in the camp, many more came but they were beginning to give up hope in their dream of going home. The United States started a program that sent some of the boys to live in America and start a live there. We stopped the movie there and we will see what happens when they go to America and start new lives.  

Population Pyramids:

Population Pyramids are used to analyze growth, or decline of the fertility rate, mortality, and migration in cities. These can be put into three different shapes, the Christmas tree, the box, and the cup.

The Christmas tree:

This show that the growth rates are slow

There is a high birth rate

There is a short life expectancy.

The Box:

This shows low infant mortality

Low population

Have longer life expectancy.

The Cup:

Low birth rate

Shrinking population

Long life expectancy 

These facts and ways to see the population are very interesting, and hopefully we will continue to learn more about them.

Study Guide for Population Migration:

Crude Birth Rate= number of births per 1,000 of the population

Crude Death Rate= number of deaths per 1,000 of the population

Rate of Natural Increase= subtract the death rate from the birth rate, divide by 10 (the annual Growth Rate

Net Migration Rate= the difference between the number of persons entering and leaving a country during a year

Immigration= an excess of persons entering the country

Emigration= an excess of persons leaving the country

Push Forces= reasons for leaving

Examples: wars, unemployment, religious

Pull Forces= reasons for staying

Examples: better economic opportunity, health care, political freedom

Total Fertility Rate= average number of children born (per woman). For the population to stay the same it needs to stay at 2.1

Population Pyramids= a graph to analyze growth/decline of fertility, population, and growth in migration.

Study Guide for Cultural Geography:

Cultural characteristics- learned characteristics from a certain cultural or group. Can be seen through:

Language:

Spanish unites the Hispanic world

Brazil is the only South American nation that speaks Portuguese

Canada is a bilingual language:

French

English

Switzerland has multiple languages

English is considered the number one business language in the world

Called the “lingua franca"

Ethnic heritage:

Countries, like Yugoslavia, have many ethnic groups and they get along fine.

There soon became problems in Yugoslavia, and the country split up

When one group has more power the weaker on is mostly to be punished

Not all groups have the same outcome, like the U.S. for example

Religion:

Five major religions:

Hinduism

Buddhism

Judaism- the people are decedents of Abraham

Christianity

Islam

Muslim groups:

Shiites

Sunnis

Millions of people believe in the same thing

Jews, Christians, and Muslims all claim Jerusalem as their holy site

They are constantly fighting over this spot

Spatial divisions- how we divide the livable space found on the Earth by establishing social, economic, and political control

Countries

Economic alliances:

North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Political alliances:

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Commonwealth of Nations

Originations of American States

Reasons for spatial divisions:

Difference in culture, language, or religion

Historical boundaries

Imperial conquest and control

Economic similarities and differences

Nationalism- the belief that you nation is superior to all others

Economic differences- fertile land, access to the coast, fishing rights, natural resources, different economic philosophies